Invasive Species in the Native Forest - Resource Bundle

The threat of invasive species to the native forest

The threat of invasive species to the native forest

Plants that are natural to the region where they live, that is, that have lived in a country for many thousands of years (before humans)

Plants that are natural to the region where they live, that is, that have lived in a country for many thousands of years (before humans) they are called ... NATIVE plants = AUTOCHTHONOUS (Spontaneous, indigenous) The plants NATIVE They live in balance with the other plants and animals of the place where they have always existed And sometimes they form native forests

Plants that live outside their country, after being transported by man, crossing seas, oceans or mountains, we call...

Plants that live outside their country, after being transported by man, crossing seas, oceans or mountains, we call... EXOTIC plants, from Greek exotikós "from outside" (introduced, allochthonous)

The

The invasive plants they do not live in balance with native plants and animals... These plants bring many problems, cause several losses Plants INVASIVE But what are invasive plants?

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

@Sílvia Martins

What do they have in common?

What do they have in common?

What impacts do invasive plants promote? Why are they a threat?

What impacts do invasive plants promote? Why are they a threat?

Impacts of invasive plants

Impacts of invasive plants Ecological They threaten our biodiversity , the great diversity of species and balance of ecosystems (competition with native species, alteration of nutrient cycles, water, etc.) They threaten the way species group together in communities Wattle ( Acacia longifolia )

Ecological

Ecological They threaten biodiversity and the balance of ecosystems (competition with native species, alteration of nutrient cycles, water, etc.) Promote impacts on ecosystem services (food, supply of water and various resources, climate regulation, floods, diseases, etc.) water and various resources, climate regulation, floods, diseases, etc.) alteration/standardization of ecosystems/landscapes Alteration of fire regimes Changing ecological/food chains Economic (Europe: €>12 billion/year, EC 2008) : Productivity - species that invade agricultural, forest or fish (aquatic) areas, pests, epidemics, etc. management and control of intrusive companies and recovery of invaded systems tourism, etc. Water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes ; J.Straws ) Impacts of invasive plants

mimosa (

mimosa ( Acacia dealbata ) … Ecological They threaten biodiversity and the balance of ecosystems Promote impacts on ecosystem services Alteration/standardization of ecosystems/landscapes Impacts of invasive plants

Impacts of invasive plants

Impacts of invasive plants haquea -spicy ( Hakea Sericea ) Ecological They threaten biodiversity and the balance of ecosystems Promote impacts on ecosystem services Alteration/standardization of ecosystems/landscapes Changes in fire regimes / changes in ecological or food chains

Economic (> €12 000 million/year in Europe, EC 2008) Productivity – species that invade agricultural areas, forests, etc... Wattle ( Acacia longifolia ) Impacts of invasive plants

Economic (> €12 000 million/year in Europe, EC 2008) Productivity – species that invade agricultural areas, forests, etc... Management and control of invasive and recovery of hacked systems Impacts of invasive plants

In nature tourism

In nature tourism Impacts of invasive plants

Decreased availability of water in groundwater

Decreased availability of water in groundwater species that are very demanding in their consumption, both for their characteristics and for the high densities they reach Impacts of invasive plants

Impacts on public health

Impacts on public health toxic, "sharp" species that cause diseases, allergies, or function as vectors of pests Impacts of invasive plants (very soon!)

Socio-cultural impacts

Socio-cultural impacts "Mimosa Festival" (70s to 1988)... Used as a theme for events such as carnival Decoration at events such as weddings Impacts of invasive plants (very soon!)

Invasive Alien Species: 5th threat to biodiversity (global)

Invasive Alien Species: 5th threat to biodiversity (global) Global assessment of the "health" of the planet: Intergovernmental Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES, 2019) 1) Land-use/sea change 2) Direct exploitation of species/resources 3) Climate change 4) Pollution IPBES 2023

Legislation – Decree-Law No.

Legislation – Decree-Law No. 92/2019 , 10 July … Introduction now depends on an authorization... Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 of 22 October 2014 Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 2016/1141, of 13 July, and No. 2017/1263, of 12 July

Some of the most problematic invasive plants in Portugal

Some of the most problematic invasive plants in Portugal

Mimosa (

Mimosa ( Acacia dealbata ) It forms very dense stands, preventing the development of the native vegetation, reducing the flow of water lines and aggravating some erosion problems.

Australia (

Australia ( Acacia melanoxylon ) It forms very dense stands preventing the development of native vegetation

Acacia (

Acacia ( Acacia longifolia ) Australia

Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae

Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae ( Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae ) - 3mm Reduces flower formation of the acacia-de-espigas ( The. longifolia ) reduces the formation of seeds and branches of the wattle Biocontrol of the acacia-de-espigas

It mainly invades coastal dunes, margins of communication routes and disturbed areas Infanta D. Maria Secondary School – Coimbra | 22 February 2024 Mira de Aire Secondary School – Porto de Mós | 19 March 2024 EB nº2 de Avelar – Avelar | 8 May 2024 Pampas Herb ( Cortaderia Selloana )

And many others...

And many others... Erva-da-fortuna Tradescantia Fluminensis Sour Oxalis Pes-Caprae Pinheirinha Myriophyllum aquaticum (…) Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Wolf Scare Ailanthus Very high mimosa Australias Good morning Ipomoea indica Dyer Phytolacca American

Asian hornet

Asian hornet Palm beetle Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Ambigusia Gambusia Holbrooki Louisiana Red Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Remember that there are also invasive animals  Chestnut wasp Dryocosmus Kuriphilus Florida Turtle Trachemys Script Photo: José Teixeira (…)

So what can each of us do?

So what can each of us do? EVERYONE We have our role !

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION"

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION" Learn to identify invasive plants and NOT USE and recognize them;) What can we do?

We are all involved in this process. We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION"

We are all involved in this process. We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION" Learn to identify invasive plants and DO NOT USE them Prefer native plants What can we do? Native alternatives...

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION"

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION" Learn to identify invasive plants and NOT USE and recognize them;) Prefer native plants Do not spread invasive plants (on the sidewalks; etc.) What can we do?

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION"

We can all help! "PREVENTION IS THE BEST OPTION" Learn to identify invasive plants and NOT USE and recognize them;) Prefer native plants Do not spread invasive plants (on the sidewalks; etc.) Do not lie down remains of exotic and invasive in the wild (aquariums, etc.) What can we do?

"Spreading the word" about invasive plants to friends

"Spreading the word" about invasive plants to friends Help map invasive plants - Citizen Science project, available: What can we do? https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?project_id=51482 | https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/macro-bioblitz-sei2025

Week

Week upon Species Invasive 2025

Hope

Hope count with you !! :D Can anyone tell me where I've been? Am I going to the right plants?

3rd Saturday of each month!

3rd Saturday of each month!

Thanks!

Thanks! QUESTIONS? More information: invasoras.pt https://www.facebook.com/InvasorasPt | https://www.instagram.com/invasoraspt/ sofiaflorestal@hotmail.com | sofia.nunes.me@gmail.com

Some bibliography:

Some bibliography: Almeida JD, Freitas H (2006) Exotic naturalized flora of continental Portugal - a reassessment . Botanica Complutensis 30:117-130 Hulme , P.E., Pysek , P., Nentwig, W. & Village , M. (2009) Will Threat of Biological Invasions Unite the European Union? Science, 40-41. López-Núñez , F.A., Marchante, E., Heleno, R., Duarte, L.N., Palhas, J., Impson , F.A.C., Freitas, H., Marchante, E., 2021. Establishment, spread and early impacts of the first biocontrol agent against an invasive plant in continental Europe. J. Environ. Manage . 290, 112545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112545 Marchante, H.. 2011. Invasion of Portuguese Dunes by Acacia longifolia: present status and perspectives for the future. Faculty of Science and Technology. University of Coimbra. PhD in Biology, specialty in Ecology. 184 p.  Marchante, H., Morais, M., Freitas, H. & Marchante, E. 2014. Practical Guide for the Identification of Invasive Plants in Portugal. Press of the University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Pp. 208. Richardson DM, Pyšek P, Rejmánek M, Barbour MG Panetta FD, West CJ (2000) Naturalization and invasion of alien plants : concepts and definitions . Divers Distrib 6:93-107 Village M, Spin JL Hejda M, Hulme PE Jarošík V, Maron JL Pergl J, Schaffner U, Sun Y, Pyšek P (2011) Ecological Impacts of invasive alien plants : the goal analysis of their effects on Species , Communities and ecosystems . Ecol Lett 14:702-708

GAME

GAME 2 teams

Mimosa (

Mimosa ( Acacia dealbata ) INVASIVE

INVASIVE

INVASIVE fig ( Carpobrotos EDULIS )

INVASIVE

INVASIVE Sorrel ( Oxalis Pes-Caprae )

INVASIVE

INVASIVE Pampas Herb ( Cortaderia selloana )

NATIVE

NATIVE Cork oak ( Quercus Suber )

NATIVE

NATIVE Holly ( Ilex Aquifolium )

NATIVE

NATIVE Dandelion ( Taraxacum Officinale )

The fig came from South Africa

The fig came from South Africa INVASIVE

The cork oak is from Portugal

The cork oak is from Portugal NATIVE

The sorrels came from South Africa

The sorrels came from South Africa INVASIVE

The Pampas Grass came from the

The Pampas Grass came from the South America INVASIVE

Dandelion is from Portugal

Dandelion is from Portugal NATIVE

Mimosa (

Mimosa ( Acacia dealbata ) INVASIVE